Interesting facts about Afghanistan, including its history, demography, and recent political events, are discussed.I am going to tell you some interesting fact about Afghanistan.Why I have selected Afghanistan?You just see the newspapers, news channels, print media, electronic media, then you will find that Afghanistan foreign minister actually came to India on a state visit.That means he is our state guest. But the main point is that we have no diplomatic relationship with Afghanistan.Now I am going to again discuss briefly about Afghanistan.So you know that Afghanistan is a landlocked country, just few hundred kilometers away from Indian western border, probably 400 kilometers. That's why I am using that term few hundred kilometers away.Because in the world map, 400 km is not a long distance. That might appear to be a longer distance when we are traveling in a car, but that is not the point.Afghanistan is a landlocked country that country was established by none other than Ahmed Shah Abdali or Ahmed Shah Durani. If you try to remember who was Ahmed Shah Durani, I think you have seen a picture Panipat. Yes, have you seen Panipat where Sanjay Dutt Bollywood superstar played that role. And you also know that Ahmed Shah Abdali came to India and in the third battle of Panipat that happened in January 1761, the Marathas were routed. The Marathas were totally defeated by Ahmed Shah Abdali.Thereafter he returned and he founded modern Afghanistan.But Afghanistan has a very peculiar history. Peculiar history means if you read the demography of Afghanistan, demography, then you will find that 99.95 Afghans are followers of Islam, mostly Sunni and 10 or 15% are Shia Muslim. But do you know that Afghanistan, I mean today's Afghanistan that once happened to be an epic center of Buddhist culture. If you visit Afghanistan today, you will see the Buddhist temples, the ruins everywhere.So not long ago, probably you were not born.In the year 2001, the famous Bamiyan, Bamiyan Buddha one of the tallest Buddha actually statue that was destroyed by Afghanistan Taliban in 2001.So Afghanistan was founded by Ahmed Shah Abdali or Ahmed Shah Durani and his descendants were ruling Afghanistan until 1973. Thereafter Afghanistan was ruled by some communist or socialist leaders.And you also know, probably you may not have heard that in 1979 the Soviet Union, Soviet Union actually invaded Afghanistan.Invasion means in 1971 what happened?At that time there were two superpowers.One was USA and other was USSR.In 1991 the USSR ceased to exist.In my later classes, in my later lectures I will discuss with you.So in 1979 the Soviet Union, I mean USSR installed a puppet communist government in Afghanistan and to protect that government to protect that government the Soviet Union sent more than 2 lakh soldiers, army, a huge army and Air Force, tanks etc.to this Bagram Air Airbase, Kabul, Herat, Kandahar all became Soviet armies headquarters.I mean Red Army. Soviet Union army was known as as Red Army. So you also know that the USA, the other superpower was alarmed by Russian or Soviet aggression and they immediately trained and created a a big forces, I mean a huge forces of Islamist fanatics and who were known as Mujahideen.I mean holy warrior.So from 1980 to 1989 the American or western back Mujahideen were fighting the Russians.Both sides suffered heavy casualties.I am sorry to say that more than 2 million Afghan citizen died and Soviet also lost nearly 15,000 soldiers.And after intense negotiation with Americans in 1989 the Soviet Union actually agreed to pull back its troops from Afghanistan and accordingly the Russians had withdrawn.But at that time Afghanistan president was Najibullah, a leftist president. I mean a communist president.From 1989 to 1990 he was ruling Afghanistan without Soviet Union's assistance.But I already told you that there were several Mujahideen, I mean probably 5 lakhs or 6 lakhs Mujahideen. I mean holy warriors and they were commanded by several commanders like Ahmed Shah Masood, Tajik leader leader or that Rabbani, Mulla Rabbani or that I think Gulbuddin Hekmatyar who were Pashtuns.So all were fighting to capture the power.Finally after a negotiation agreed, they agreed that president post be held by I think that Rabbani and Prime Minister was given to I mean Prime Minister post was given to that Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. Okay, that was okay and Najibullah was removed from power and Najibullah was residing in the UNO's headquarter in Kabul. So in 1992 I recently read that after losing the grip in Afghanistan, once he was ousted from power that Najibullah attempted to reach India on a flight. But unfortunately his road was his road to that Kabul International Airport was blocked by a Uzbek military, I mean Uzbek military commander who was loyal to Afghanistan's the new government.So Najibullah remained in UNO's headquarter.But what happened after that? That in 1992 that government was formed. But in 1994 suddenly we have come to know that another group of hardliners emerged and they were Taliban. Taliban means students of Madrasas.So slowly and gradually the Talibans became so powerful, probably Talibans were backed by Pakistan. They were armed, financed and trained and in 1996 Taliban entered into the Kabul and the Kabul fell and the previous government leaders fled. And Taliban became the new ruler of Afghanistan in 1996.So after capturing power what Taliban did?Taliban immediately entered into the UNO's house and Najibullah and his brothers were captured and they were brutally murdered.I think Najibullah's dead body was lying in Afghanistan street, in Kabul street.So they were actually murdered.So Taliban supreme leader was Mulla Omar, a religious fanatic. So from 1996 to 2001 Taliban one. Taliban one ruled the Afghanistan.But you try to remember what happened in 2001.The twin tower of USA's New York City that was actually hit by two passenger jet and the villain was Osama bin Laden, an Arab who was residing in Afghanistan. So thereafter USA under the presidentship of George W. Bush sent ultimatum and Afghanistan's Taliban regime was ordered to hand over Osama bin Laden.But Taliban did not respond.And I think in October 2001 the USA launched air strike. A massive air strike was launched from its bases from other parts of the world because you know that USA is a superpower.I think from Indian Ocean the USA Navy's aircraft carriers and those aircraft carriers were backed by British aircraft carriers.Several fighter planes like F16, F15, F18, B 52 bombers from Diego Garcia.Diego Garcia is in south of Sri Lanka, 7 or 800 km south of Sri Lanka.That islands are situated in mid mid Indian Ocean.And the B52 bombers have taken off and entire Afghanistan was pulverized.Heaviest bombing campaigns.So what I saw in 2000 2001, I was studying in Jorhat Law College.Of course at that time we did not have that 4G, 5G etc. But of course we had few satellite channels and we saw.So because of intense American bombings the Taliban regime also collapsed and Osama bin Laden fled to Pakistan. So everywhere in the Afghanistan the American special forces, American commandos, American armies were searching Osama bin Laden, but they failed. So Taliban one collapsed and American installed Hamid Karzai in moderate leader as a president.And from 2001 to 2021 for almost 20 years Americans were ruling Afghanistan. I mean Americans back Afghan presidents were ruling.And but the Americans failed to crush the Talibans.Taliban basically you see Talibans were students.They and Americans despite Americans failed. I mean the Americans at that time had more than two or three lakhs troops. And America actually at that time had the world most strongest army, strongest air force, strongest navy. But this and America expanded nearly 200 or 300 billion dollars in Afghanistan and that is bigger than the entire GDP of Pakistan.So Afghanistan was ruling by Americans, Americans dropped bomb, several Afghans died. And our Americans were fighting Talibans. Of course the Talibans were no match, but Talibans were actually exploiting the geography. And later Americans were exhausted.That Americans found that it was futile to fight the Talibans. And finally you try to remember in 2021 while the COVID was at its peak, COVID pandemic was at its peak, suddenly Americans actually decided to pull back its troops.So you you you to today you may check any your YouTube then you will find that American planes were taking off from Kabul and Bagram air forces, air bases sorry. And you will see that that passengers, Afghans were trying to catch the jet plane like in India we saw that some passengers are trying to actually catch that buses. So I have a very grim picture that two or three Afghan boys boys actually somehow managed to catch that wheel of plane. Yeah, I mean you just try to imagine that the wheel, the landing gear wheel of plane, while the plane is taking off you will see that that wheels for few minutes wheels are on in the air and thereafter that wheels were just entered into its what is called its I mean its cage. But two or three Afghan boys and actually attempted to enter actually catch that wheel and they succeeded. But once the plane reached 1 kilometer above the sea level, the two boys actually fell like right mango. Right mango they fell and they all died.We have that pictures. So that was the situation.Now Afghanistan is ruled by Taliban 2. So what is the difference between Taliban one and Taliban 2? So Taliban one was a hardliner.They believe in Islamic ideology. They impose Shariat law.But Taliban 2 realize the importance of geopolitics and they are now moderate and they are attempting to establish diplomatic relationship with countries like India, China, Russia etc.because they require money. They require finances. They require hospital. They request buses. They request modern scientific equipment and they need hospitals, buses, passenger planes, infrastructure.So India is the only country that can actually that can help them.Pakistan is incapable. So they are fighting now Pakistan.Just listen my lectures.I will again discuss with you.

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