The Moscow theater hostage crisis, also known as the 2002 North East siege, was a seizure of the crowded Dobruha theater in Moscow by Chechen terrorists.Moscow theater hostage crisis.So, according to me, that was one of the worst terrorist incident that happened on October 23. I'm talking about that day when the terrorists first entered into the theater.Now, let me explain what happened. So, first, let me explain what happened in the event. So, first, see that on 23rd October, 2002, suddenly top news channel broadcasted that sensational news that about the terrorist attack in Moscow. So, what happened on that day, probably that was the major terrorist attack that rocked Moscow, the capital of Russia, world largest state. So, that Moscow theater hostage crisis, also known as the 2002 North East siege, was a seizure of the crowded Dobruha theater in Moscow by Chechen terrorists. And that by storming the theater, actually there was opera, the terrorists had taken 912 spectators who were watching the opera show as hostages. The attackers led by Mutsar Barayev, a Chechen terrorist claimed allegiance to the Islamic separatist movement in Chechenia. They demanded the withdrawal of all the Russian forces from Chechenia and they also demanded an end to the second Chechen war, denoted in 1999. Russian army attacked Chechenia, a Muslim majority province that is in the Caucasus region.Francis was resolved when Russian security service released poison a certain gas toxic gas into the building and subsequently stormed and killing all the 40 terrorists. 132 hostages died because of lack of proper medical treatment or due to the effect of the gas. Due to the layout of the theater special forces would have to fight through 30 meters corridors and advanced up to a well defenses heavily fortified square place before they could reach the hall in which the hostages were held. The attacker had numerous explosives. I am talking about terrorists, the most powerful in the center of auditorium.Female terrorists were armed with Kalashnikov. It's short version and also their West were covered with high explosive RDX.That's pets nuts, the Russian elite forces finally stormed into the theater and they were supported by Alpha commandos. Before storming the theater, they pumped chemical weapons through the ventilation system.Till that we have no ideas about that gas.Probably it was believed to have been a Fentanyl. Fentanyl derivatives.So, initial siege, the hostages were seized on 23rd October of 2002 at the House Culture of State all appearing the plan number one in the group. The black and olive green camouflage clad attackers took approximately 900 people as hostages including members of the audience, performer all including one MD general.Gunman led by Barayev nephew playing Chechen rebel.RB Barayev and threatened to kill all the hostages until and unless Russian forces withdraw immediately from Chechenia.So, a video taped statement was equated by the media in which the gunman declared their willingness to die.They were to say bombers. So, they proclaimed that their nation has the right to they are afraid Russia has taken away their rights. I mean some people's blood right and they want to reclaim their right which the God has given them. In the same way he has given it to other nations. Allah, God has given us the right of freedom and right to choose our destiny. According to traveling state, Sergi Yastras Steed when they were told that the withdrawal of troops from Chechenia was unrealistic demand because it would require a longer period and that was a long process but terrorists put forward the demand to withdraw Russian troops from all parts of Chechenia.So, they remain adamant.The hostage takers demanded termination of the use of artillery. Not artillery and use of air power.So, that was an unrealistic demand.A cell phone conversation between the hostage and and the terrorist revealed that all the hostage takers had grenades, mine improvised explosive device, ID strapped to their bodies and they had deployed more explosive throughout the theater. So, all hostages were kept in the auditorium. Auditorium was a big and some were kept in the left hand corner. The situation in the hall was extremely nervous.So, we try to understand the mental and physical conditions of hostages who were actually expecting death at any time because terrorists were merciless and they were indoctrinated and ready to kill.Any kind of misinformation was hopelessness.So, attackers released on 23rd October 150 to 200 people mostly children, pregnant women and Muslims and some foreign persons were also released.Two women managed to escape.At 1:30 a.m. Olga Romanova, 26 years old Russians entered the theater crossing the police cordon and she entered the theater and began to urge the hostages to stand up to their captors. They were considerable confusion in the auditorium.Terrorists believed that she was a federal security service agent and she was shot and killed.So, her body was later removed.Russian government offered the hostage takers the opportunity of safe passage to leave the country other than Russia if they release hostages. The hostages made an appeal for Putin to seize hostile in India.Probably they were pressurized by the terrorists. The hostage takers wanted to talk with Joseph Kobzon, a member of the parliament and singer. Also they demanded an immediate meeting with the International Red Cross representative. So, they 3 25th October during the third day, the people had taken part in the negotiation with the militant journalists and other social activities and some prominent person entered the terrorists demanded negotiation with an official representative. A group of Russian doctors were allowed to enter in the theater to bring medicines and the terrorists were not beating or threatening their captives.So, that go on before morning.The Chechen envoy and associate of the separatist president Aslan Maskhadov Aslan Maskhadov, the president appealed to the terrorists to refrain from rash step. The Chechens told the BBC that special representative to President Putin plan to come to the theater for talks next day. But two members of the Spetsnaz Alpha group moving around the no man's land they were seriously wounded by grenade fired by the terrorists.So, but Russians had other plan.They were planning to storm early Saturday morning.Early morning the Russian special force Spetsnaz who were renowned force with the assistance of Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB units surrounded the theater and stormed the theater. All were heavily armed and much for probably the Russians had me had actually installed several heavy machine guns, medium machine guns around the auditorium auditorium and I am they were ready to kill.Chemical attack. I am talking about the chemical attack before launching that attack.So, Moscow I mean everywhere the search lights had been illuminating the main entrance inside the hostages were first first.So, some smoking from from a fire.So, it soon became apparent to the gunman and hostages that a mysterious gas had been pumped and it entered into the building. If I need to put it it came either through specially created hole or through the ventilation but I have we have no such information what happened.After pumping that poisonous gas, probably it has had immediate effect of breakdown of this called nervous system.All the hostages including including the terrorists became unconscious. So, Chechen terrorists who were equipped with gas masks responded firing blindly at the Russian position outside. After 30 minutes when the gas had taken effect the physical assault of the building commenced. The combined force mainly the Spetsnaz forces entered through the numerous building's gate including the roof basement and finally the front door. The front door was blasted and by a huge explosion the journalist saw a huge explosion then the journalist only heard the gun shout. The shooting began. Automatic the firing they heard they're firing were going to put an end to create the life of those hostages. But the terrorists told their hostages to lean forward in the theater and cover their heads behind the seats. The hostages reported that some people in the auditorium very asleep and some gunman put on respirators as the terrorists and hostages began to plan conscious. Several of the female terrorists made a dash from the balcony but passed out before they reached the stairs.They were later found shot dead.Two Spetsnaz commandos also overcome by the gas.After nearly one and half hours of the gun battle. Huge gun battle.The Russian forces blew the main gate entered and main leader was hiding in that probably in that kitchen and he was found and he was shot dead. He was brutally shot dead by Russians. That was a hugely successful operation because the Russians did not suffer any casualties.Only two Spetsnaz commandos fell unconscious that because of gas attack.Unfortunately 129 hostages died.The rescue team arrived. They will train the bodies of hostages and bodies were laid in rows in square and on the pavement the main entrance all were unconscious probably some hostages heart functioning ceased and they died.So, ambulances used and casualties I am to tell you that Russians suffered 121 Russians death, Ukraine one, USA one, Belarus one, Austria one, Bulgaria one, Netherlands one, Kazakhstan one, Azerbaijan one, Armenia one.132 innocent civilian died.And all the terrorists were killed by the Russians and they were given they were given they they were actually were given heads from a very close range.So, now what happened?At that time Russians were deploying 80,000 troops in the Chechen Republic and Chechenian resistance collapsed. The Russians entered into the Grozny, the capital of Chechenia. The Russians had used heavy machinery like air power and air force was also used. Su 24 and 27 fighters were bombing the target and Chechen resistance collapsed.Several Chechens lost including civilians.Thank you.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Judicial Conundrum in India

Hungarian revolution of 1956Is Revolution was also known as the Hungarian uprising, an attempted Rebellion against the communist government , that came into existence after the World War II. Hungry was an axis ally of Nazi Germany. The USSR occupied Hungary and April 28 government was established. Hungary became a satellite state of USSR. Soviet government was actually a totalitarian government. Hungarian people are descendants of Slavic and Huns. In disrespect remember the cruel rule Attila the Hun. The Hungerian revolution of lasted for l 15 days, until it was crushed by Soviet tanks. Several thousands hungarians lost their lives m several hundred Russians also lost their lives.On 23rd of October 1956, some University students appealed to the civilian population to protest against Russian authoritarian rule the domination of USSR in its geopolitical interest. At that time, Hungary was ruled by a Stalinist government. The students demanded reform on 16 points, but all the students were detained by security guards. The Hungarian people rose against the Communist Party and the secret police of Hungary. And the local communists and secret policemen were executed. A new government was formed under Imrey Negi, who was the liberal man. Under his leadership hungry had withdrawn from Warshaw pact. The new government agreed to hold new election, hungry was heading towards democracy.Initially the USSR agreed negotiate with the new government and accordingly delete Army withdrew. Russians apprehended Hungary embrace the Western block live by USA would be a big threat two dog communist block. So the Russians betrayed the hungarians and hungry was invaded by several Russian divisions. The Hungarian Army was no match before the might of Russian army and after Fierce resistance the hungarians were defeated. The free hungarians were expecting Western help but that did not come. Finally the new government was rendered useless the leaders were arrested and executive latter. The communist government again was installed in Hungary and hungry again became is satellite state of USSR . The Communist rule finally collapse in 1989 after destruction of Berlin Wall. Now Hungary is a Democratic state.

[10/10/2024, 8:51 PM] Sisir Kumar Gogoi: A K Gopalan v The State(1950,S.C.R.88) was a momentous case in the Constitutional history of India.Any discussion/ lecture on the Constitutional law is incomplete without first examining this case, whether critically or analytically.This case was decided at a time When the Country got independence from British rule and The Constitution of India had come into force,and more than it , for the first timea chapter on Fundamental Rights had been incorporated in the Constitution .The Supreme Court got a golden opportunity to interpret the Article 19,21 and 22 expansively against Executive or legislative power of the state.[10/10/2024, 8:51 PM] Sisir Kumar Gogoi: Brief Fact of the case-A K Gopalan,a radical leftist of the Madras Province was detained under the Preventive Detention Act ,1950,and in fact he was detained for several times under the Act.Under Entry 9 of Union list ,the Parliament has the power to enact law on Preventive Detention.Though Preventive Detention is an anathema in modern time,it was justified as a necessary evil to protect the unity and integrity of the state.Even in Britain and America it was used only during the war time ,that too against suspected enemy aliens[10/10/2024, 8:51 PM] Sisir Kumar Gogoi: A K Gopalan filed a habeas Corpus writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution and challenged the detention ordering a wide ground that the Detention Act ,under which he was detained was void for violating Articles 19 and 21 and also on a narrow ground that it did comply with the requirements of Article 22.Article 22 prescribes certain procedural safeguards against it.Learned Counsel M K Nambiyar on behalf of Gopalan contended that the Detention Act 1959 violated Article 21 and was void on following grounds1.Personal liberty included the freedoms conferred by Article 19(1)(a) to (e) and (g) and the impunged act ( detention act) did not satisfy the test of Article 19(2) to (6).2.The Preventive Detention Act directly violated Gopalans right to move freely , because the freedom of movement is of essence of personal liberty.3.Article 19 (1) and 21 should be read together because Article 19 dealt with substantive rights and Article 21 dealt with procedural rights.4.The reference in Article 21 to Procedure established by law meant due process of law and the Act did not satisfy the requirements of due process of law.5.The word law in Article 21 meant not the state made law but jus naturale ,of the principles of natural justice.The law did not comply with the requirements of Natural justice[10/10/2024, 8:51 PM] Sisir Kumar Gogoi: It will be seen that from 1 to 5 that the proposition that Article 21 applied to the Preventive Detention ,was the foundation of all the reasons,and learned Attorney General M C Seetlevad countered by contending that Article 22 was a complete code and Article 21 didnot apply to Preventive Detention law.All the questions raised some points of immense Constitutional importance and a Six Judge Bench comprising CJI H L J Kania ,Justices P .Shastri ,M C Mahajan,B K Mukherjee ,SS Das and Fazl Ali S was constituted to hear the matters .All the six judges delivered separate judgments after a lengthy hearings .Five learned judges( Fazl Ali dissenting) held that Article 19 did not apply to Preventive Detention thought the freedoms as a result of detention freedoms may be curtailed.Fazl Ali dissented and held that Preventive Detention was a direct infringement of Article 19 and was subject to Judicial review even it was narrowly construed The majority judges did not hold that Article 22 was a complete code ,so they disagreed with learned Attorney General contention and only M C Mahajan alone held Article 22 was a complete code on Preventive Detention.Fazl Ali dissented by holding that " No calamitous or untoward result would follow even if the Provisions of Penal code became justiciable".CJI Kania, and Justices Shastri, Mukherjee and SS Das held the concept of right to move freely throughout the territory of India was entirely different from the Concept of the right to personal liberty.[10/10/2024, 8:51 PM] Sisir Kumar Gogoi: Except Justice M C Mahajan who held that Article 22 was a complete code, majority held that Articles 19 (1) and Article 21 did not operate in the same field, because Article 18 conferred rights only one citizens, article 21 conferred rights on all persons. Again if article 21 conferred only procedural rights then the most precious right the Right to life was nowhere found in our Constitution. Therefore the majority held that Article 21 also conferred substanrive rights also. It may be observed that far from holding that fundamental rights were mutually exclusive, Mukherjee held that a substantive law authorizing the deprivation of life must conform to the requirements of Article 20.[10/10/2024, 8:51 PM] Sisir Kumar Gogoi: CJI Kania, Justices Mukherjee and SR Das held that law in Article 21 had been used in the sense of State made law and not in the embodying the Principle of Natural Justice, and Procedure established by law meant a law made by Union Parliament or by State legislatures. Justice Shastri held that the law meant Positive or state made law and did not mean jus naturale, but the procedure meant well established criminal procedure. Justice Fazl Ali dissented by holding that whatever Procedure established by law may mean, and must include 1 . Notice 2.opportunity to be heard 3.impartial tribunal 4.orderly procedure. So according to fazl Ali a positive law must include jus naturale.[10/10/2024, 8:51 PM] Sisir Kumar Gogoi: The majority judges held that the Procedure established by law didnot mean due process of law as understood in United States of America. The report of Drafting Committe showed that the words Procedure established by law were substituted for the words without due process of law. Our founding fathers were well aware of its abuse by American judges during the New Deal period.[10/10/2024, 8:51 PM] Sisir Kumar Gogoi: So in this case, different views were expressed by different judges, so no common points emerged on the correlation of articles 19 to 20,21 and 22 or the meaning of the expression personal liberty.[10/10/2024, 8:51 PM] Sisir Kumar Gogoi: But Justice Fazl Ali dissenting points are regarded as one of the greatest dissents of all time. Justice R Nariman paid a rich tribute to Fazl Ali foresight by saying "simply takes our breath away".